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Hate Is Not a Family Value: a Quotebook for Liberals in a Right-wing World

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Political credo representing the conservative wing of the liberal motility

Conservative liberalism or right-liberalism [i] [2] is a variant of liberalism, combining liberal values and policies with conservative stances, or merely representing the right-wing of the liberal movement.[3] In the case of modern "conservative liberalism", scholars sometimes run across it as a more than positive and less radical variant of classical liberalism, but it is likewise referred to equally an individual tradition that distinguishes information technology from classical liberalism and social liberalism.[four] [five] Conservative liberal parties tend to combine liberal economical policies with more traditional stances and personal behavior on social and ethical issues.[ specify ] [6]

In general, 'liberal conservatism' and 'conservative liberalism' have different philosophical roots. The philosophical root of modern liberal conservative is Edmund Burke, and the philosophical root of modern conservative liberal is considered Alexis de Tocqueville.[7]

Historically, 'liberal conservatism' refers mainly to the instance where conservatives embrace the elements of classical liberalism, and 'conservative liberalism' refers to classical liberals who support a laissez-faire economy besides as socially conservative principles (for example, Christian family values). Since classical liberal institutions were gradually accepted by conservatives, there is very little to distinguish liberal conservatives from conservative liberals.[viii]

Neoconservatism has besides been identified equally an ideological relative or twin to bourgeois liberalism,[ix] and some similarities exist also between conservative liberalism and national liberalism.[10] [xi]

Overview [edit]

Conservative liberalism emerged in the tardily 18th centuries, when moderate suburbia supporting the monarchy inside the liberal campsite. Representatively, Doctrinaires, which existed during the Bourbon Restoration was a representative conservative-liberal party.[12] Radicalism emerged as a opposition against the moderateness of these (conservative) liberals.

According to Robert Kraynak, a professor at Colgate Academy, rather than "following progressive liberalism (i.e. social liberalism), conservative liberals draw upon pre-modern sources, such as classical philosophy (with its ideas of virtue, the common expert, and natural rights), Christianity (with its ideas of natural law, the social nature of man, and original sin), and aboriginal institutions (such every bit common police, corporate bodies, and social hierarchies). This gives their liberalism a bourgeois foundation. Information technology means following Plato, Aristotle, Socrates, St. Augustine, St. Thomas Aquinas, and Edmund Burke rather than Locke or Kant; information technology ordinarily includes a deep sympathy for the politics of the Greek polis, the Roman Democracy, and Christian monarchies. Only, as realists, conservative liberals admit that classical and medieval politics cannot be restored in the modern world. And, as moralists, they encounter that the modern experiment in liberty and self-regime has the positive upshot of enhancing human dignity as well as providing an opening (even in the midst of mass culture) for transcendent longings for eternity. At its practical all-time, conservative liberalism promotes ordered liberty under God and establishes constitutional safeguards against tyranny. It shows that a authorities of freedom based on traditional morality and classical-Christian culture is an achievement we can be proud of, rather than merely defensive about, equally trustees of Western civilization".[14]

In the European context, conservative liberalism should not be confused with liberal conservatism which is a variant of conservatism combining conservative views with liberal policies in regards to the economy, social and ethical issues.[6] The roots of conservative liberalism are to exist establish at the beginning of the history of liberalism. Until the ii world wars, the political class in most European countries from Germany to Italy was formed by conservative liberals. The events such as World War I occurring after 1917 brought the more radical version of classical liberalism to a more conservative (i.e. more moderate) type of liberalism.[15] Conservative liberal parties have tended to develop in those European countries where there was no strong secular conservative party and where the separation of church building and state was less of an issue. In those countries, where the bourgeois parties were Christian democratic, this conservative brand of liberalism developed.[3] [16]

Political opinion [edit]

Bourgeois liberalism is by and large a liberal ideology that contrasts with social liberalism.[17] [18]

Conservative liberalism, along with social liberalism and classical liberalism, is mentioned as the primary liberal ideology of European politics.[5] It is oftentimes used to describe liberalism close to the center to centre-correct of the political spectrum.[xix] [20] However, there are sometimes conservative liberals who are located on the right-fly political position.

Differences betwixt social, classical and conservative liberalism [edit]

"Social liberalism" is a combination of economical Keynesianism and cultural liberalism. "Classical liberalism" is economic liberalism that partially embraces cultural liberalism.

"Conservative liberalism" is an credo that highlights the bourgeois attribute of liberalism, and so information technology tin appear in a somewhat different class depending on the local reality.

Conservative liberalism refers to ideologies that show relatively bourgeois tendencies inside the liberal camp, and then it has some relative meaning. In the Us, bourgeois liberals mean de facto classical liberals,[21] merely in Europe, "Christian democrats" and "Ordoliberals" tin likewise exist included. (Christian republic is a mainstream European bourgeois ideology, and so there are cases where it supports complimentary markets.)[22]

By country [edit]

France [edit]

Alexis de Tocqueville and Adolphe Thiers were representative French bourgeois liberals.[vii] [23] They were classified equally centre-left liberals (progressive-Orléanists) during the July monarchy alone,[24] [25] only after the 1848 Revolution, the Second Republic entered and they were relegated to bourgeois liberals.

Frg [edit]

Prior to World War 2, bourgeois liberalism or "right-liberalism" (German: Rechtsliberalismus) was often used in a similar sense to "national-liberalism" (German: Nationalliberalismus). National Liberal Party during the German Empire and German People's Party during the Weimar Republic are representative. (Currently, "right-liberalism" and "national liberalism" are used in similar meanings in Germany.)[ citation needed ] According to the German language Wikipedia, about of the national liberals during the Weimar Commonwealth joined the CDU, a liberal-bourgeois party. For this reason, the terms "conservative liberalism" are not oftentimes used in Germany.[ commendation needed ]

Ordoliberalism is more than of a bourgeois liberalism than a classically liberalism (economically liberalism based on culturally liberalism) or socially liberalism in principle because it is influenced by the notion of social justice based on traditional Cosmic teachings. After the war, Germany pursued economic growth based on the social marketplace economy, which is deeply related to ordoliberalism.[22]

Usa [edit]

In the United states, liberal usually refers to a social liberal form, then those referred to equally conservative liberals in Europe are often merely referred to as conservatives in the United States.[26] Milton Friedman and Irving Kristol are mentioned as representative conservative liberal scholars.[21] [27]

Political scientists evaluate all politicians in the United States as liberals in the academic sense.[28] In full general, rather than the Democratic Political party, which is close to social-liberal, the Republican Political party is evaluated as a conservative-liberal political party.[26] In the case of the Democratic Party, Blue Domestic dog Democrats is evaluated as close to conservative-liberal in fiscal policy.[29] However, the current Blueish Dog is cultural moderate to liberal.[30] (Dissimilar classical liberals, conservative liberals in Europe, including KESK, sometimes criticize cultural liberalism.)[31]

American neoconservatives might be classified as conservative liberals, according to Peter Lawler, a professor at Berry College, who argued:

[I]n America today, responsible liberals—who are usually called neoconservatives—see that liberalism depends on human beings who are somewhat child-centered, patriotic, and religious. These responsible liberals praise these not-individualistic human propensities in an endeavor to shore up liberalism. One of their slogans is 'conservative folklore with liberal politics.' The neoconservatives recognize that the politics of free and rational individuals depends upon a pre-political social world that is far from gratuitous and rational as a whole.[32]

In the American context, conservative liberalism too as liberal conservatism should not be confused with libertarian conservatism, influenced past right-libertarianism.[ commendation needed ]

Notable thinkers [edit]

  • Marquis de Lafayette (1757–1834)
  • Adolphe Thiers (1797–1877)[23]
  • Alexis de Tocqueville (1805–1859)[seven]
  • Camillo Benso (1810–1861)
  • Stanley Baldwin (1867–1947)
  • Winston Churchill (1874–1965)
  • Gustav Stresemann (1878–1929)
  • Robert Menzies (1894–1978)
  • Ludwig Erhard (1897–1977)[22]
  • Wilhelm Ropke (1899–1966)[22]
  • Friedrich Hayek (1899–1992)[33]
  • Michael Oakeshott (1901–1990)
  • Raymond Aron (1905–1983)[34]
  • Milton Friedman (1912–2006)[21]
  • Erik von Kuehnelt-Leddihn (1919–1999)
  • Irving Kristol (1920–2009)[27]
  • Malcolm Turnbull (born 1954)
  • Donald Tusk (born 1957)[35]

Parties and organisations [edit]

Conservative liberal parties or parties with conservative liberal factions [edit]

  • Argentina: Wedlock of the Democratic Eye,[36] Christian Democratic Party[37] [38]
  • Australia: Liberal Party of Australia[39]
  • Belgium: Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats,[3] [39] [forty] Reformist Movement,[3] [39] [40] New Flemish Alliance, Libertarian, Direct, Democratic,[41] People's Party[41]
  • Brazil: Progressive Party,[42] Social Autonomous Party, Liberal Party
  • Republic of bulgaria: National Movement for Stability and Progress[43]
  • Canada: British Columbia Liberal Party, Coalition Avenir Québec, Saskatchewan Party
  • Croatia: Croatian Social Liberal Party[41]
  • Czech Republic: ANO 2011,[43] Civic Democratic Party,[44] [45] [46] TOP 09[47]
  • Denmark: Venstre–Liberal Party of Denmark[3] [16] [41] [48]
  • Estonia: Estonian Reform Party[49]
  • El Salvador: Nuevas Ideas, GANA
  • Faroe Islands: Wedlock Party,[41] People'south Political party[50]
  • Finland: National Coalition Party, Eye Party[20] [51]
  • France: The Republicans, Agir
  • Frg: Gratuitous Democratic Party[3] [52] [53]
  • Greece: New Democracy[54]
  • Greenland: Feeling of Customs[41]
  • Republic of iceland: Independence Political party[55]
  • Ireland: Fianna Fáil,[20] Fine Gael
  • Israel: Likud,[56] [57] Telem, New Hope[58]
  • Italy: Forza Italia[59]
  • Japan: Liberal Democratic Party (factions),[sixty] [61] Autonomous Party for the People[62]
  • Latvia: Unity
  • Lithuania: Liberal Movement, Freedom and Justice
  • Luxembourg: Autonomous Party[3]
  • Moldova: Liberal Party,[41] [63] Liberal Reformist Party[ citation needed ]
  • Netherlands: People'south Party for Freedom and Commonwealth[41] [64] [65] [66] [67] [68] [69] [70]
  • New Zealand: New Zealand National Party
  • Norway: Progress Political party[41] [71]
  • Philippines: Liberal Party, Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino
  • Poland: Civic Platform[72] [73] [74]
  • Portugal: Social Autonomous Party[75]
  • Romania: National Liberal Party[43]
  • Russian federation: People's Freedom Party, Democratic Option
  • Slovakia: Freedom and Solidarity[76] For the People
  • Slovenia: Slovenian Democratic Political party[46]
  • S Africa: Greatcoat Party,[ commendation needed ] Democratic Alliance[77]
  • South Korea: Minsaeng Party, Party of Nationals, Democratic Party of Korea (factions)[78] [79] [lxxx]
  • Espana: People's Political party,[81] Catalan European Democratic Political party, Basque Nationalist Party[82]
  • Switzerland: FDP.The Liberals[3] [43]
  • Sweden: Liberals[43]
  • Thailand: Democrat Party[83]
  • Turkey: Futurity Political party[84] [85]
  • Ukraine: Ceremonious Position[86]
  • United Kingdom: Conservative Party (factions)
  • United States: Republican Political party (factions)[26]

Historical bourgeois liberal parties or parties with bourgeois liberal factions [edit]

  • Austria: Constitutional Party, Federation of Independents, Freedom Party of Austria[3]
  • Belarus: Belorussian Peasant Political party[87]
  • Brazil: National Democratic Spousal relationship
  • Chile: National Political party
  • Czech Democracy: Borough Autonomous Alliance,[52] [88] Public Diplomacy[89]
  • El Salvador: National Coalition Party
  • France: Feuillant, Thermidorians, Doctrinaires, Resistance Party, Union for the New Democracy/Union of Democrats for the Republic/Rally for the Republic,[xc] Independent Republicans/Republican Party/Liberal Democracy,[xc] Wedlock for French Democracy[91] Republican Party,[92] Union for a Popular Movement
  • Frg: German People's Party[93] [94]
  • Iceland: Liberal Party (1927), Liberal Political party (1998)[95]
  • Republic of ireland: Fianna Fail,[xx] Progressive Democrats[96]
  • Israel: General Zionists, Liberal Party
  • Italy: Italian Liberal Party,[3] [97] Italian Liberal Right, Forza Italy,[59] Civic Choice[98]
  • Latvia: Latvian Style,[99] [100] Latvia's Commencement Party/Latvian Way[43]
  • Lithuania: National Resurrection Party, Liberal and Centre Union[43]
  • Mexico: Liberal Party
  • Netherlands: Liberal Land Party, Political party of Liberty[101]
  • New Zealand: United Party[102]
  • Norway: Frisinnede Venstre[103]
  • Poland: Liberty, League of the Right of the Democracy,[104] Liberal Democratic Congress,[105] Poland Together[106]
  • Romania: Democratic Liberal Party, Liberal Reformist Party
  • Russian federation: Democratic Selection of Russian federation
  • Serbia: Serbian Progressive Party[107]
  • Slovakia: Autonomous Political party[108]
  • South Korea: Korea Autonomous Party, Democratic Nationalist Party, Democratic Party (1955), New Autonomous Party, Reunification Democratic Party, Democratic Party (1990), United Autonomous Party (1995), National Congress for New Politics, Democratic Party (South korea, 2000), People Party (2016), Party for Democracy and Peace,[109] New Alternatives
  • Spain: Liberal Party, Autonomous Convergence of Catalonia[110]
  • Switzerland: Costless Autonomous Party,[iii] [111] Liberal Party[3] [41]
  • Turkey: Justice and Development Political party[112] [113] [114]
  • United Kingdom: Liberal Unionist Party, National Liberal Party
  • United States: Whig Party

See likewise [edit]

  • Classical liberalism
  • Economic liberalism
  • Liberal conservatism
  • Libertarian conservatism
  • National liberalism
  • Ordoliberalism[22]

References [edit]

Citations

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